Machine-learning-assisted pulse design for state preparation in a noisy environment

Zhao-Wei Wang, Hong-Yang Ma, Yun-An Yan, Lian-Ao Wu, Zhao-Ming Wang,
Machine-learning-assisted pulse design for state preparation in a noisy environment,
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,
2025,
131081,
ISSN 0378-4371,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2025.131081.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437125007332)
Abstract: High-precision quantum control is essential for quantum computing and quantum information processing. However, its practical implementation is challenged by environmental noise, which affects the stability and accuracy of quantum systems. In this paper, using machine learning techniques we propose a quantum control approach that incorporates environmental factors into the design of control schemes, improving the control fidelity in noisy environments. Specifically, we investigate arbitrary quantum state preparation in a two-level system coupled to a bosonic bath. We use both Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Supervised Learning (SL) algorithms to design specific control pulses that mitigate the noise. These two neural network (NN) based algorithm both have the advantage that the well trained NN can output the optimal pulse sequence for any environmental parameters. Comparing the performance of these two algorithms, our results show that DRL is more effective in low-noise environments due to its strong optimization capabilities, while SL provides greater stability and performs better in high-noise conditions. These findings highlight the potential of machine learning techniques to enhance the quantum control fidelity in practical applications.
Keywords: Quantum control; Noise suppression; Machine learning